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What is Knee Replacement Surgery? Who Needs It?

The structure of our knee joint comprises the femur’s base, the tibia’s top, the patella, and various small bones, cartilages, and tissues. Disruption of this arrangement can result in significant pain and hindered mobility.

Knee replacement surgery, conducted by orthopedic surgeons, involves the substitution of either the entirety or the affected portion of the knee joint with an artificial implant. This implant is meticulously crafted in a laboratory to precisely match the patient’s anatomy.

Nevertheless, arthroplasty constitutes a major surgical procedure. Therefore, physicians typically explore alternative avenues such as medication and other treatments initially.

Knee replacement surgery is considered when these approaches prove ineffective, and it is warranted in the following circumstances:

Pain in the knee joint and reduced mobility,
Osteoarthritis,
Rheumatoid arthritis,
Worn out or damaged bones at the joint,
Traumatic knee injury,
Hemophilia,
Gout,
Bone deformity, or abnormal growth of the bone at the joint.

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Knee Structure

The knee serves as the junction point for the two elongated bones of the leg, namely the tibia and femur. Muscles, ligaments, and tendons work together to uphold the integrity of the knee joint. Cartilage envelops and safeguards the ends of both the tibia and femur, while the meniscus, a sizable curved segment of cartilage, plays a pivotal role in cushioning and shielding the knee from impact.

Encompassing the knee are two sets of muscles: the quadriceps and hamstrings. Situated on the anterior thigh, the quadriceps aid in leg extension, while the hamstring muscles, located on the posterior thigh, facilitate leg flexion.

Moreover, tendons serve as connective tissues linking the muscle groups to the bone, facilitating joint movement.

Clearly, the knee represents a complex structure, and when any of its components incur damage, it can lead to discomfort and impaired mobility.

How is Knee Replacement Surgery done?

The most common types of anesthesia used for this procedure are general anesthesia, which puts you to sleep, and spinal, epidural, or regional nerve block anesthesia, where you are awake but your body is numbed from the waist down. Your anesthesia specialists will recommend the most suitable option for you.

Typically lasting between two to three hours, the surgery aims to restore the alignment and function of your knee. Your orthopedic surgeon will remove damaged cartilage and bone before implanting new metal and plastic components.

Step 1

The surgeon begins by making a vertical incision at the front of the knee. Following this, they prepare the bone by removing the damaged bone and cartilage surfaces at the ends of the tibia and femur.

Step 2

The removed cartilage and bone are substituted with artificial metal components crafted from alloys or high-grade polymers. These metal components are securely attached to the underlying bone using cement to ensure a proper fit.

Step 3

The surgeon removes and resurfaces the lower surface of the kneecap (patella). Additionally, a spacer is inserted between the metal components to facilitate smooth movement between the surfaces.

What is the Recovery after Knee Replacement Surgery like?

It’s normal to experience some discomfort after surgery as part of the healing process. Your doctor and nurses will work to alleviate your pain, promoting a faster recovery.

Medications are often prescribed for short-term pain management. Options such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen, and local anesthetics can help to control pain effectively.

What Results Can I Expect from Knee Replacement Surgery?

The outcomes of knee replacement surgery are typically very satisfying. Patients often experience complete relief from knee pain and can resume an active lifestyle.

However, surgeons usually advise against certain high-impact activities like jogging and jumping for a few weeks post-surgery to ensure proper healing. Even elderly patients aged above 80 can regain the ability to perform daily activities that were previously painful or difficult.

It’s important to note that metal detectors, commonly used in airports and some businesses for security purposes, may be triggered by the metal components in your new knee. In such cases, inform the security personnel about your knee replacement. You may be provided with a letter confirming your knee replacement surgery and the presence of an implant, which can be shown to security personnel as needed.

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